杜甫研究学刊

历代注家对《收京三首》中“哀痛诏”相关史事的选择颇有异同，仇兆鳌认为应指至德元载七月十三日肃宗即位灵武诏书及至德二载十月二十八日《收复京师诏》，然而十月二十八日诏乃肃宗还长安后发布，杜甫既然是在鄜州羌村闻此诏，便并无时间扈从肃宗还京。然而王洙《杜工部集记》、宋祁《新唐书·杜甫传》以及历代诸家年谱均一致记载杜甫曾从还长安，《寄岳州贾司马六丈巴州严八使君两阁老五十韵》“法驾还双阙，王师下八川。此时沾奉引，佳气拂周旋”表明杜甫确曾扈从肃宗还京，故应选择十月一日肃宗在凤翔颁布的《收复西京还京诏》与“哀痛诏”对应；另外，玄宗天宝十五载八月在蜀郡所下诏书亦可与诗中“叨逢罪己日”相对应。洪业先生指出，杜甫若十月四日从鄜州出发返回凤翔，则其距十九日肃宗从凤翔起驾还京尚有十五日，此说不仅匡正了旧注相沿已久之讹误，用更准确的史实与杜诗互证，而且兼顾杜诗前后记载的一致性，实为正解。

Commentators through the ages have held differing views on which historical event the “Edict of Sorrow and Remorse” in Three Poems on the Recapture of the Capital refers to. Qiu Zhao'ao maintained that it should denote the edict issued by Suzong upon his ascension to the throne at Lingwu on the 13 th of July of the 1 st year of Zhide, as well as the Edict on the Recapture of the Capital promulgated on the 28 th of October of the 2 nd year of Zhide. However, the latter edict was issued after Suzong had returned to Chang'an. Since Du Fu learned of this edict while at Qiang Village in Fuzhou(in present-day Shaanxi),he could not have been in the retinue escorting Suzong back to the capital. Yet Wang Zhu in Records of the Collected Works of Du the Minister of Works,Song Qi in New Book of Tang·Biography of Du Fu,and chronological biographies by scholars of successive dynasties all uniformly record that Du Fu did accompany the imperial party back to Chang'an. The lines from his Fifty Lines Sent to Jia, Grand Master of Yuezhou, and Yan, Court Gentleman of Bazhou confirm that Du Fu indeed served in Suzong's retinue on his return to the capital. The “Edict of Sorrow and Remorse” should therefore correspond to the Edict on the Recapture of the Western Capital and Return to the Capital issued by Suzong at Fengxiang on the 1 st of October. In addition, the edict issued by Xuanzong at Shu Commandery in the 8 th month of the 15 th year of Tianbao may also correspond to the line in the poem “I was fortunate to witness the day of self-reproach”. Professor William Hung argued that if Du Fu departed from Fuzhou for Fengxiang on the 4 th of October, there would still be fifteen days until Suzong set out from Fengxiang for the capital on the 19 th. This view not only corrects a long-standing error in earlier commentaries by corroborating Du Fu's poems with more precise historical facts, but also preserves consistency across Du Fu's poetic accounts,making it a more convincing interpretation.